Switch

if and else let you branch logic based on whether any arbitrary expression that evaluates to a boolean.

This is powerful because it lets you write logic as complicated as you need to.

if (isLeapYear && !bloodMoon && (age > 30 || catName.equals("fred"))) {
    startRitual();
}

But it can be burdensome if all you are doing is checking if some variable has a particular value.

void main() {
if (food.equals("apple")) {
    IO.println("Red");
}
else if (food.equals("grape")) {
    IO.println("Purple");
}
else if (food.equals("orange")) {
    IO.println("Orange");
}
else {
    IO.println("Other");
}
}

For these situations, you can use a switch.

switch (fruit) {
    case "apple" -> {
        IO.println("Red");
    }
    case "grape" -> {
        IO.println("Purple");
    }
    case "orange" -> {
        IO.println("Orange");
    }
    default -> {
        IO.println("Other");
    }
}